Arrays in C language

 

Array

Hello! Hope you all are doing great, in the previous blog we had learned many topic related to C, for example variable, operator, loops.

In today’s blog we will start a new topic, we will learn to work with arrays. you will learn to declare, initialize and access elements of an array with help of simple example.

What is array?

As you listen word array what comes in your mind? That what is this array and why we are studying this.

An array is a variable that can store multiple value but of same data type.For example, if you want to store 50 Integer, you can create an array for it.An array is a fixed sized sequenced collection of elements of same data type.it is simply a group of like type data.in its simplest form, an array can be used to represent a list of a number, or a list of names.

Some example where the concept of an array can be used.

1.list of employees in an organization.

2.test scores of a class of students.

3.list of customers and their telephone numbers.

4.table of daily rainfall data.


SMART ENGINEERS

How to declare an array?

In array declaration we declare size of array and data type of that array elements.

Datatype arrayName [array size];

For example:-

float marks[5];

Int marks [10];

Here, we declare an array, marks, of float point type and its size is 5. Meaning, it can hold 5 floating-point values.

It is important to note that the size and type of an array can not be changed once it is declared.

Access Array Elements

You can access elements of an array by indices. suppose you declared an array mark as above. The first element is marks [0], the second element is marks [1] and so on.

Few points to be remember:

1.Arrays have 0 as the first index, not 1. In this example, marks [0] is the first element.

2.If the size of an array is n, to access the last element, the n-1 index is used. In this example, marks [4]

3.Suppose the starting address of marks [0] is 2120d. Then, the address of the marks [1] will be 2124d. Similarly, the address of marks [2] will be 2128d and so on.

4.This is because the size of a float is 4 bytes.

How to initialize an array?

It is possible to initialize an array during declaration. For example

1.int marks [5] = {1, 10, 8, 17, 9};

You can also initialize an array like this.

2.int marks [] = {1, 10, 6, 17, 9};

Here, we haven't specified the size. However, the compiler knows its size is 5 as we are initializing it with 5 elements.

And if you want to change the value in between of array you can also do that.

Changing of value of array:-

int marks [5] = {1, 10, 8, 17, 9}

// make the value of the third element to -1

marks [3] = -1;

// make the value of the fifth element to 0

marks [2] = 0;

Input and output of array elements:-

 Here's how you can take input from the user and store it in an array element.

1. take input and store it in the 3rd element

scanf("%d", &mark[2]);

2.take input and store it in the individual location....

scanf("%d", &mark[i-1]);

here's how you can print an individual element of an array.

1.print the first element of the array

printf("%d", mark[0]);

2.print the third element of the array

printf("%d", mark[2]);

 3.print I th element of the array

printf("%d", mark[i-1]);

now, I am giving you some simple example of array Implementation.

1.#include<stdio.h>

main()

{

            int a[20],i;

            printf("enter the value:");

            for(i=0;i<20;i++)

            {

                        scanf("%d",a);

            }

            for(i=0;i<20;i++)

            {

                        printf("value is:%d\n",a);

            }

            return 0;

}

2. Program to find the average of n numbers using arrays

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

{

     int marks[10], i, n, sum = 0, average;

     printf("Enter number of elements: ");

     scanf("%d", &n);

 

     for(i=0; i<n; ++i)

     {

          printf("Enter number%d: ",i+1);

          scanf("%d", &marks[i]);

         // adding integers entered by the user to the sum variable

          sum += marks[i];

     }

     average = sum/n;

     printf("Average = %d", average);

     return 0;

}


In this blog we studied about one dimensional array, in next blog we will learn about multi dimensional array in c.

Read my previous blog about while and do...while loop....

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